“If you are doing financial planning, chances are you are “planning” with one the hundreds of thousands of Registered Investment Advisors (RIAs) or broker-dealers who are doing conventional planning. They all run Monte Carlo simulations showing you the probability of achieving “your” plan — the typically miles-too-high retirement spending goal they’ve set for you.

 Next they show you that you can’t meet “your” target without investing more aggressively. “Let me invest for you. I’ll let you meet your target at least 80 percent of the time.” At this point in the bait and switch, they present a more aggressive investment strategy with an 80 percent or higher probability of success.

The industry’s practices violates any reasonable economics-based fiduciary standard.”

Larry Kotlikoff